This category covers the key battles and campaigns of the Ancient Greek world, including the Persian Wars, Peloponnesian War, and campaigns of Alexander the Great. These conflicts included the development of phalanx warfare, naval strategy, and the emergence of professional armies. Battlefield studies incorporate period texts by Herodotus, Thucydides, and Arrian, as well as archaeological reports, historical maps, and on-site exploration to reconstruct engagements and understand their strategic context.
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The Battle of Thermopylae in 480 BC is one of the defining battles of history. A small force of 300 Spartans, supported by allied Greek contingents, held back a much larger Persian force for several days and bought time for the Greek city states to coordinate their defence.